How does commercial EV charging work?

As the electric vehicle revolution gains momentum, installing EV charging equipment plays a pivotal role in shaping a sustainable and efficient future.

Depot charging: the nerve center of fleet energy

For fleet owners overseeing electric vehicle fleets, establishing a central hub for energy replenishment is paramount. Depot charging stands out as a strategic solution, involving the installation of dedicated charging infrastructure at workplaces, commercial depots or other buildings where electric vehicles will be parked for an extended time. Typically utilizing Level 2 chargers, these stations offer a moderate charging rate, ideal for overnight charging. This ensures that commercial EVs commence their routes with fully charged batteries, minimizing operational downtime.

Public charging stations: fueling flexibility on-the-go

Beyond the depot, commercial EVs often require access to public charging stations, especially during extended journeys. Level 3 chargers, or DC fast chargers (DCFC), provide a significantly higher charging rate, enabling fleets to recharge swiftly during breaks or cargo waiting times. Public charging stations enhance the operational range of commercial vehicles, reducing range anxiety and providing the flexibility needed for diverse routes.

Strategic operating schedules: the key to seamless operations

Efficiency is the cornerstone for fleet operators. Planning optimal operating schedules that seamlessly integrate charging stops ensures minimal disruption. Recognizing the necessity of charging breaks and strategically aligning them with periods of inactivity or breaks maintains operational efficiency, keeping fleets on the move without unnecessary delays.

Cost-effective charging strategies: a business imperative

Managing charging costs is a critical aspect of operating commercial EV fleets. A strategic approach involves planning charging sessions during off-peak hours when electricity rates are typically lower. By leveraging these cost-effective periods, fleet operators can significantly reduce overall operational expenses, bolstering the economic viability of electric fleets.

Preserving battery health: a long-term investment

For fleet owners, maintaining the health of EV batteries is a long-term investment. Adhering to recommended charging practices, such as maintaining the state of charge between 20% and 80%, is crucial. Following these guidelines mitigates battery degradation, reducing the need for premature replacements. This commitment not only ensures sustainable operations but also contributes to the overall longevity of commercial EV fleets.

In conclusion, the journey to optimize charging strategies for commercial electric vehicle fleets involves a combination of depot and public charging, strategic scheduling, cost-effective planning and adherence to best practices for battery health. As the electric vehicle landscape continues to evolve, implementing these efficient charging practices will not only contribute to a more sustainable future but also enhance the overall economic viability of commercial electric fleets, benefiting a diverse range of stakeholders.

Electric versus traditional charging stations

As the world pivots towards sustainable solutions, commercial fleet operators are increasingly considering the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce their carbon footprint and operational costs. However, this transition involves more than just acquiring electric vehicles; it requires a comprehensive understanding of the charging infrastructure that serves as the lifeblood of any electric fleet. In this article, we delve into the importance of replacing traditional gasoline and diesel pumping stations with electric vehicle charging stations, addressing critical aspects such as infrastructure requirements, charging time considerations and cost dynamics.

Infrastructure requirements

1. Wiring and electrical installation

Transitioning to electric demands a robust charging infrastructure, starting with wiring and electrical installation. A well-designed electrical system is essential to efficiently power and manage the charging stations. Fleet operators must collaborate with qualified electricians to ensure that the wiring and installation meet the specific requirements of electric vehicle charging equipment.

2. Possible trenching

Installing charging stations may necessitate trenching to lay the groundwork for power distribution. Careful planning is crucial to minimize disruptions during this process, as it may involve digging up parking lots or access roads. Collaboration with local authorities and utilities is essential to adhere to regulations and ensure a seamless implementation.

Call 811 before trenching to avoid hitting underground utility equipment, which can cause serious injuries, power outages, fires, shock, gas leaks and severe damage. Most dig-ins occur because third-party contractors don't pay enough attention to underground utility lines. Since most utility services are underground, follow these steps for safety:

• At least 2 business days before digging, contact USA North by calling 811 or visiting their website to submit a ticket.
• Utilities with underground facilities near your dig site will mark their locations. Keep these marks visible throughout your project. If they become obscured, call 811 again for remarking.
• Dig carefully. When within 2 feet of a marked location, put away machinery and finish the work by hand.
• If you accidentally hit or damage a pipeline or related equipment, call 811. If you hear hissing or smell gas, evacuate the area and call 911.

3. Electrical panel upgrades

Upgrading electrical panels or meters may be necessary to handle the increased load associated with electric vehicle charging. Fleet operators should conduct a thorough assessment of their existing electrical infrastructure and invest in upgrades if required. This ensures a stable and reliable power supply to support the charging needs of the electric fleet.

Other considerations

Charging time:

One notable distinction between traditional fueling and electric charging is the time it takes to replenish energy. Charging electric vehicles generally takes longer than refueling with gasoline or diesel. Fleet operators must factor this into their operational planning to ensure vehicles are charged and ready for their routes.

Spread of charging stations:

Unlike the ubiquitous presence of gasoline and diesel stations, electric charging stations are currently more spread out. This spatial distribution can impact the convenience and efficiency of operations, making strategic location planning critical for fleet operators. Identifying key routes, depots and partnering with charging networks can help optimize the accessibility of charging infrastructure.

Cost dynamics:

The cost of charging commercial electric vehicles varies, and fleet operators need to carefully consider their options to optimize operational expenses. Charging at a fleet operator's own commercial depot during off-peak hours is often the most cost-effective option. In contrast, utilizing public fast charging stations, while convenient, may come at a higher cost due to demand-based pricing. Check with your SMUD Strategic Account Advisor and find out if your EV project is eligible for commercial EV rates.

Transitioning to commercial electric fleets is a critical step towards sustainability, but it requires meticulous planning and investment in charging infrastructure. Fleet operators must collaborate with experienced professionals, consider charging time implications, strategically position charging stations and assess the cost dynamics to ensure a smooth and cost-effective transition. By embracing these considerations, commercial fleet operators can navigate the electrified future and contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable transportation ecosystem while lowering operating costs.

EV chargers are categorized into Level 1, Level 2 and DC (Direct Current) Fast Chargers (Level 3), with each level delivering faster charging at a higher cost:

Level 1 chargers are the least expensive and connect a vehicle charger port to a regular US 120V electricity socket. They are the slowest category of chargers, taking up to 2-3 days to fully charge an EV from 0-100%. A Level 1 charger is often included with new EVs (Electric Vehicles) or PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles) and typically consists of a simple cable with a plug for the vehicle at one end and a regular AC power socket at the other end.

Level 1 chargers generally do not offer sophisticated charging management, such as enabling charging during off-peak overnight hours. However, many vehicles have onboard chargers where charging times can be configured via dashboard settings or a vehicle mobile app. Level 1 chargers can replenish approximately 4-5 miles of range per hour.

Level 2 chargers use a higher voltage, typically 240V, and require installation by a professional electrician qualified to install EV chargers. These chargers are much faster than Level 1 chargers, charging a car from 0-100% overnight or from 20-80% in 4-6 hours to preserve battery life. Level 2 chargers are suitable for commercial settings where quicker turnaround times are needed. They can replenish around 20-30 miles of range per hour.

DC Fast Chargers (Level 3) can charge cars quickly, from 0-100% in about an hour or as little as 30 minutes to charge from 20-80%. These chargers are costly (over $10,000) and require commercial electricity connections. They are often provided at public charging locations for a per-charge cost exceeding what it would cost to charge at home over a longer period. DC Fast Chargers can replenish around 100-200 miles of range per hour, making them ideal for commercial settings and along major travel routes.

Tesla Superchargers are a proprietary charging network for Tesla vehicles that are strategically located along major travel routes. However, as of 2023, Tesla has opened up the Supercharger network to many other OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) in North America. This expansion means that non-Tesla electric vehicle drivers can also use Tesla Superchargers, providing them with access to rapid charging. Tesla Superchargers offer a quick charge, allowing EV owners to gain around 170 miles of range in 30 minutes. This development significantly increases the convenience and accessibility of fast charging for a broader range of electric vehicle drivers.

Pro tip:

To maximize your EV battery's lifespan and efficiency, maintain a charge between 20% and 80%. Avoid going below 20% or above 80%. Choose a charger that's sufficiently-powerful but not so large that it increases peak demand and energy use. Charge during off-peak hours to reduce costs and strain on the grid. Regularly monitor and adjust your charging habits based on driving patterns and energy consumption for optimal performance and cost-efficiency.

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Payment options & regulatory considerations

As electric vehicles continue to gain traction, stakeholders ranging from commercial fleet operators to multifamily building owners are faced with the task of understanding and implementing effective charging solutions. One crucial aspect of this endeavor is determining the most suitable payment and access options for EV chargers. In this article, we'll explore the diverse landscape of EV charging infrastructure, payment methods and regulatory considerations in the United States.

Understanding charging infrastructure

EV charging infrastructure encompasses various types of chargers, including Level 1, Level 2 and DC fast chargers. Level 1 chargers utilize a standard household outlet and offer the slowest charging speeds, while Level 2 chargers provide faster charging through a 240-volt outlet. DC fast chargers, on the other hand, deliver rapid charging, making them ideal for commercial applications and long-distance travel.

Payment options

1. E-Mobility providers:

E-mobility providers like ChargePoint, EVgo and Electrify America operate extensive charging networks and offer various payment options. Users typically create accounts and can access chargers through RFID cards, mobile apps or contactless payment methods. These providers often offer subscription plans, pay-as-you-go options or a combination of both.

2. EV-centric mobile applications:

Several mobile applications cater specifically to EV owners, offering features such as locating nearby chargers, checking charger availability and initiating charging sessions. Apps like PlugShare, ChargeHub and Greenlots allow users to pay for charging directly through the platform, streamlining the process for drivers.

3. Charging networks:

Some regions have established charging networks that provide interoperable access to multiple charging stations. Examples include the Electric Highway Coalition in the Northeast and Midwest, which enables seamless charging along major corridors. These networks often support various payment methods, enhancing convenience for users.

4. Private vs. public chargers:

While public chargers are accessible to all EV drivers, private chargers may require authorization or membership. Commercial fleet operators and multifamily building owners can install private chargers for exclusive use by employees, residents or tenants. Payment and access to private chargers are typically managed internally or through third-party platforms.

Regulatory considerations

In the United States, access to EV chargers is governed by a combination of federal, state and local regulations. The following are some key considerations:

1. Accessibility requirements:

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that EV charging stations be accessible to individuals with disabilities. This includes features such as designated accessible parking spaces, signage and access aisles.

2. Anti-discrimination laws:

Some states have implemented anti-discrimination laws to prevent EV charging station owners from restricting access based on factors such as vehicle brand or ownership. These laws aim to promote fair competition and accessibility within the EV charging market.

3. Utility rules and requirements:

Utility rules and requirements may impact the deployment of EV charging infrastructure, particularly regarding rate structures, interconnection policies and incentive programs. Utilities play a crucial role in supporting EV adoption by facilitating the integration of charging infrastructure into the grid.

4. Zoning and permitting:

Local zoning ordinances and permitting processes may affect the installation of EV charging stations, especially in commercial or residential settings. Stakeholders should familiarize themselves with local regulations to ensure compliance and streamline the installation process.

As the demand for EV charging continues to grow, stakeholders must navigate the complex landscape of payment options, charging infrastructure and regulatory requirements. By understanding the diverse range of solutions available—from e-mobility providers and mobile applications to charging networks and private installations—businesses and building owners can facilitate the seamless adoption of electric vehicles while complying with relevant regulations. Embracing innovation and collaboration in the EV charging ecosystem will be essential to driving sustainable transportation forward.

Cost ranges for electric vehicle charging equipment

Electric vehicle charging equipment comes in various types and configurations, each with its associated costs. Here are approximate cost ranges for different types of EV charging stations:

Level 1 charging stations:

Purchase cost: Level 1 charging stations are typically the most basic and least expensive option. They usually come included with the vehicle and are designed for standard household outlets (120 volts).

Estimated cost: Level 1 charging equipment may cost anywhere from $100 to $300, depending on the brand and features.

Level 2 charging stations:

Purchase cost: Level 2 charging stations offer faster charging than Level 1 and require a dedicated 240-volt circuit. They come in various models with different features such as network connectivity, smart charging capabilities and ruggedized designs.

Estimated cost: Level 2 charging equipment typically ranges from $500 to $2,500 or more, depending on the brand, features and installation requirements.

Installation cost: Installation costs for Level 2 charging stations can vary significantly depending on factors such as electrical infrastructure upgrades, permitting, labor costs and site-specific considerations. On average, installation costs may range from $1,000 to $5,000 per station, but this can vary widely based on project specifics.

Level 3 (DC fast charging) stations:

Purchase cost: Level 3 charging stations, also known as DC fast chargers (DCFC), are capable of delivering rapid charging for EVs, making them suitable for high-traffic areas and long-distance travel corridors. They require sophisticated technology and infrastructure.

Estimated cost: Level 3 charging equipment is considerably more expensive than Level 1 and Level 2 stations due to their advanced capabilities. Costs can range from $10,000 to $50,000 or more per charging unit, depending on the charging capacity, manufacturer and additional features.

Installation cost: Installation of Level 3 charging stations involves complex electrical work, high-power connections and potential infrastructure upgrades. Installation costs can vary significantly depending on factors such as site preparation, electrical infrastructure requirements, permitting and labor costs. On average, installation costs for Level 3 chargers may range from $20,000 to $100,000 or more per station.

Deploying large charging station installations

Deploying large charging station installations for public charging involves additional considerations and costs beyond individual charging units. These may include:

1. Site preparation:

This involves assessing and preparing the site for the installation of multiple charging stations, including land acquisition, site design and infrastructure planning.

2. Power supply upgrades:

Large installations may require significant upgrades to the electrical infrastructure to support multiple charging stations operating simultaneously at high power levels.

3. Network connectivity:

Integrating charging stations into a networked system for monitoring, management and payment processing may require additional equipment and software solutions.

4. Permitting and compliance:

Obtaining necessary permits, complying with local regulations and meeting safety standards are essential steps in deploying large-scale charging installations.

Overall, the cost of deploying large charging station installations can vary widely depending on factors such as the number of charging stations, site-specific requirements, infrastructure upgrades and ancillary services. Costs for such projects can range from tens of thousands to millions of dollars, depending on the scale and scope of the installation. It's essential to conduct a thorough assessment and cost analysis to determine the budget and financing needs for large-scale EV charging infrastructure projects.